Akụkọ - Lee ihe e ji emepụta ihe na-egbochi ọrịa oxidant eke

I. Okwu Mmalite

Okwu Mmalite

Kedu uru ahụike nke ntụ ntụ ihe e si na ginkgo biloba wepụta (2)

Ihe ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ Ginkgobụ ihe sitere n'okike nke ewepụtara na akwụkwọ ginkgo. Ihe ndị bụ isi dị na ya bụ flavonoids na ginkgo lactones. Ọ bụ ihe na-egbochi ndị na-anabata ihe (PAF) kpọmkwem. Ọrụ ọgwụ ya gụnyere: imeziwanye mgbasa ụbụrụ na metabolism sel; ịbawanye ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie superoxide dismutase (SOD) na glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), na ibelata lipids peroxidized cell membrane (MDA). mmepụta, ịchụpụ radicals free, gbochie mmebi nke cardiomyocytes na mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial vascular; họrọ igbochi nchịkọta platelet, obere thrombosis, na nsogbu metabolism lipid nke platelet PAF kpatara; melite mgbasa ọbara obi nke obi ma chebe ischemic myocardium; Mee ka mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie dịkwuo mma, belata viscosity ọbara, ma wepụ nsogbu microcirculatory; gbochie njikọ nke thromboxane (TXA2) ma kpalie ntọhapụ nke prostaglandin PGI2 site na mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial vascular.

Isi Iyi Osisi

Ginkgo biloba bụ akwụkwọ Ginkgo biloba L., osisi nke ezinụlọ Ginkgo. Ihe e si na ya wepụta (EGB) nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe gbasara nri na ihe ịchọ mma. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke akwụkwọ Ginkgo dị mgbagwoju anya, yana ihe karịrị ihe mejupụtara 140 dị na ya. Flavonoids na terpene lactones bụ ihe abụọ bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ nke akwụkwọ Ginkgo. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara polyprenol, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, phenols, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọnụọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu si kwuo, ihe e si na ya wepụta akwụkwọ ginkgo nke mba ụwa ugbu a bụ EGb761 nke e mepụtara dịka usoro Schwabe nke Germany si dị. Ọ na-adị ka ntụ ntụ aja aja-odo odo ma nwee obere isi nke akwụkwọ ginkgo. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ahụ bụ 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, ihe na-erughị 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acid, 2.0% catechins, 20% na-abụghị flavonoid glycosides, na 4.0 polymer compounds. %, ihe na-adịghị mma 5.0%, ihe na-agbaze mmiri 3.0%, ndị ọzọ 3.0%.

Njirimara na Usoro Antioxidant

Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike iwepụ radicals ndị na-enweghị lipid, radicals ndị na-enweghị lipid peroxidation, radicals ndị na-enweghị alkane, wdg, ma kwụsị usoro mmeghachi omume reaction nke free radicals. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịchịkwa ma melite ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant dị ka superoxide dismutase na glutathione peroxidase. Mmetụta antioxidant nke flavonoids na EGB karịrị nke vitamin, ọ nwekwara ihe mgbochi radical ndị na-enweghị radical na vitro.

Mmetụta antioxidant nke ihe ndị e si na ginkgo wepụta site n'ụzọ dị iche iche dị iche, mmetụta antioxidant nke ihe ndị e si na ya wepụta na ngwaahịa ndị a nụchara anụcha dịkwa iche. Ma Xihan na ndị otu ya chọpụtara na mmanụ petroleum ether-ethanol extract nwere mmetụta antioxidant kachasị ike na mmanụ rapeseed ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo nweta site na ụzọ nkwadebe dị iche iche. Ike antioxidant nke ihe ndị e si na ya wepụta akwụkwọ Ginkgo dị ntakịrị elu karịa nke ihe ndị e si na ya wepụta. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe ndị e si na ya wepụta. Ihe ndị e si na ya wepụta nwere ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi antioxidant, dị ka asịd organic, amino acid, tannins, alkaloids, na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta synergistic.

Ụzọ Nkwadebe

(1) Usoro mwepụta ihe mgbaze organic Ugbu a, ụzọ kachasị eji eme ihe n'ụlọ na mba ofesi bụ usoro mwepụta ihe mgbaze organic. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe mgbaze organic ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-ejikarị ethanol eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ewepụ ihe. Nnwale Zhang Yonghong na ndị ọzọ mere gosiri na ọnọdụ kacha mma maka iwepụ flavonoids na akwụkwọ ginkgo bụ 70% ethanol dị ka ihe ngwọta mwepụta, okpomọkụ mwepụta bụ 90°C, oke siri ike na mmiri mmiri bụ 1:20, ọnụọgụ nke mwepụta bụ ugboro atọ, na oge ọ bụla ọ na-eweghachi ihe mgbaze ruo awa 1.5.

(2) Usoro mwepụta enzyme nke Wang Hui na ndị otu ya mere gosiri na mmụba nke flavonoids zuru oke mụbara nke ukwuu mgbe ejiri cellulase gwọọ ihe ndị e ji osisi ginkgo mee ma wepụta ha, mkpụrụ ahụ nwekwara ike iru 2.01%.

(3) Usoro mwepụta Ultrasonic Mgbe ejiri ultrasonic gwọọ akwụkwọ ginkgo, akpụkpọ ahụ mkpụrụ ndụ agbajirila, mmegharị nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ agbasaala ngwa ngwa, nke na-akwalite mgbasa nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, mwepụta ultrasonic nke flavonoids nwere nnukwu uru. Nsonaazụ nnwale nke Liu Jingzhi na ndị otu ya nwetara na-egosi na ọnọdụ usoro nke mwepụta ultrasonic bụ: ugboro ultrasonic 40kHz, oge ọgwụgwọ ultrasonic 55 min, okpomọkụ 35°C, na ịnọdụ maka awa 3. N'oge a, ọnụego mwepụta bụ 81.9%.

Ngwa

Flavonoids dị na akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi ọrịa, a pụkwara itinye ha na mmanụ na achịcha dị ka ihe na-egbochi ọrịa. Flavonoids niile bụ odo odo ma nwee ike ịgbaze nke ọma, ma mmiri na-agbaze ma na-agbaze abụba, yabụ enwere ike iji flavonoids niile mee agba. Mmetụta ihe kpatara ya. A na-emepụta Ginkgo biloba ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ ultrafine ma tinye ya na nri. A na-agwakọta akwụkwọ Ginkgo nke ọma ma tinye ya na achịcha, bisikiiti, noodles, swiiti, na ice cream na ọnụego nke 5% ruo 10% iji hazie ha ka ha bụrụ nri akwụkwọ ginkgo nwere mmetụta nlekọta ahụike.
A na-eji ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri na Kanada ma a kwadoro ya dị ka ọgwụ a na-ere n'ụlọ ahịa na Germany na France. Akwụkwọ Ginkgo dị na United States Pharmacopoeia (mbipụta nke 24) ma enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri na United States.

Mmetụta Ọgwụ

1. Mmetụta na sistemụ obi
(1) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike igbochi ọrụ nke angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) na serum mmadụ nkịtị, si otú a na-egbochi mkpụkọ nke akwara ọbara, na-agbasa akwara ọbara, ma na-eme ka ọbara na-erugharị nke ọma.
(2) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike igbochi mbelata obi na oke ndị ikom site na ịgba bupivacaine n'ime akwara, gbochie mkpụkọ akwara obi na ụmụ mmadụ na ezi nke hypoxia kpatara, ma wepụ PAF (ihe na-eme ka platelet rụọ ọrụ) nke na-akpata arrhythmia na nkịta. Ọ nwere ike igbochi nsogbu obi nke allergies obi na-akpata na ụmụ ezi ndị nọọrọ onwe ha.
(3) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike ịgbasa arịa ọbara nke pusi na nkịta a na-akụnwụ ahụ nke ukwuu, mee ka ọbara na-erugharị n'ụbụrụ dịkwuo elu, ma belata ike ọgwụgwụ nke akwara ụbụrụ. Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike igbochi mmụba nke dayameta microvascular mesenteric nke endotoxin dị n'ime akwara kpatara. N'ụdị endotoxin dị n'ime nkịta, ihe e si na Ginkgo biloba wepụta na-egbochi mgbanwe hemodynamic; na ụdị akpa ume atụrụ, ihe e si na Ginkgo biloba wepụta na-egbochi ọbara mgbali elu na edema akpa ume nke nsogbu lymphatic flow nke endotoxin kpatara.
(4) A gbara oke bekee ọgwụ flavonoids nke akwụkwọ ginkgo 5ml/kg kwa ụbọchị n'ime afọ. Mgbe ụbọchị iri anọ gachara, ọnụọgụ triglyceride dị n'ọbara belatara nke ukwuu. E nyere oke bekee nri nkịtị na nke nwere oke cholesterol n'ọnụ site n'ọnụ ha. Mgbe otu ọnwa gachara, ọkwa cholesterol dị elu na plasma na aorta nke oke bekee ndị na-enweta nri atherogenic belatara nke ukwuu. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa cholesterol efu ka dị.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone bụ ihe na-egbochi PAF nke ukwuu. Ihe ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ Ginkgo ma ọ bụ ginkgo terpene lactone nwere ike igbochi platelet-activating factor (PAF) na cyclooxygenase ma ọ bụ lipoxygenase. A nabatara ihe ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ Ginkgo nke ọma ma gbochie nchịkọta platelet nke PAF kpatara mana ọ metụtaghị nchịkọta nke ADP kpatara.

2. Mmetụta na sistemụ akwara etiti
(1) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta na-emetụta usoro endocrine na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti sistemu ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na sistemu akwara etiti site na igbochi ọrụ PAF. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite metabolism nke mgbasa ụbụrụ ma melite ọrụ ncheta.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones nwere mmetụta nke ọgwụ mgbochi, mmetụta ha na-akpatakwa ọgwụ mgbochi na-emetụta sistemụ akwara monoaminergic etiti.
(3) Tinyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike imeziwanye nsogbu ncheta nke NaNO2 kpatara nke ukwuu, mmetụta ya na-egbochi hypoxic nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi mmụba nke ọbara n'ime ụbụrụ na mmezi nke metabolism ike ụbụrụ n'oge hypoxia.
(4) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta na-eme ka nsogbu omume ụbụrụ nke gerbils nke njikọ na mgbanwe nke akwara carotid na-akawanye mma nke ukwuu ma na-egbochi mmebi ụbụrụ na gerbils nke ischemia na mkpọchi kpatara; na-eme ka ọrụ nkịta ka mma mgbe multi-focal brain ischemia gbakechara na mbelata nke mmebi neuronal mgbe ischemia gasịrị na hippocampus nke ụbụrụ gerbil; na-ebelata nke ukwuu mfu nke ATP, AMP, creatine na creatine phosphate na ụbụrụ ischemic nke nkịta mongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B bara uru na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa strok.

3. Mmetụta na sistemụ nri
(1) Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike ime ka ọnya afọ na eriri afọ dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu n'ime òké ndị PAF na endotoxin kpatara, ma nwee ike igbochi mmebi afọ nke ethanol kpatara.
(2) N'ime òké nwere cirrhosis imeju nke sitere na njikọ bile duct, ntinye ọgwụ mkpụrụ osisi ginkgo n'ime akwara na-ebelata nrụgide akwara imeju nke ukwuu, ndeksi obi, ọbara na-erugharị alaka akwara portal, na imeziwanye nnabata akwara systemic ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo. Nke a na-egosi na ihe ewepụtara n'akwụkwọ ginkgo nwere ike inye aka na cirrhosis imeju. Ọ nwere ike igbochi mmepụta nke radicals na-enweghị oxygen na pancreatitis oke nke cholecystokinin kpatara. Ginkgo terpene lactone B nwere ike itinye aka na ọgwụgwọ nke pancreatitis dị oke njọ.

4. Mmetụta na sistemu iku ume
(1) Ihe e si na Ginkgo biloba wepụta ethanol nwere mmetụta izu ike kpọmkwem na akwara dị nro nke trachea ma nwee ike ibelata mmetụta spasmodic nke histamine phosphate na acetylcholine na trachea dịpụrụ adịpụ nke guinea ezì, ma gbochie mwakpo ụkwara ume ọkụ nke histamine kpatara na guinea ezì.
(2) Ịgba ọgwụ Ginkgo site n'itinye ihe ewepụtara n'ahụ n'ime eriri afọ nwere ike igbochi oke ntụtụ na oke mmeghachi omume nke òké ndị PAF na ovalbumin kpatara, ma gbochie oke ntụtụ nke antigens kpatara, mana ọ naghị emetụta oke ntụtụ nke indomethacin kpatara.
(3) Iku ume nke ihe e ji aerosol mee n'akwụkwọ Ginkgo anaghị egbochi naanị mkpọchi broncho, kamakwa ọ na-egbochi mbelata nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha na eosinophils nke PAF kpatara. Ihe e ji apụta n'akwụkwọ Ginkgo dị oke mkpa n'igbochi na ịgwọ oke nzaghachi bronchial.

5. Mmetụta mgbochi ịka nká
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, na quercetin dị na akwụkwọ ginkgo niile na-egbochi lipid peroxidation, ọkachasị ebe ọ bụ na quercetin nwere ọrụ mgbochi siri ike. E mere nnwale na oke ma chọpụta na flavonoids nke akwụkwọ ginkgo sitere na mmiri (0.95mg/ml) nwere ike ibelata lipid peroxidation nke ukwuu, yana flavonoids nke akwụkwọ ginkgo sitere na acid sitere na acid sitere na ya (1.9mg/ml) nwere ike ime ka ọrụ SOD nke copper na zinc dịkwuo elu ma belata mmetụta nke viscosity ọbara ebe ọ na-ebelata ọrụ SGPT.

7. Ọrụ dị na ịjụ transplant na mmeghachi omume ndị ọzọ nke ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ
Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike ịgbatị oge ndụ nke ihe e ji akpụ akpụkpọ ahụ, heterotopic heart xenografts, na orthotopic imeju xenografts. Ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta nwere ike igbochi ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ahụ na-arụ megide mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa KC526, ma nwee ike igbochi ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke interferon na-akpata.

8. Mmetụta mgbochi ọrịa kansa
Mkpụrụ osisi Ginkgo biloba, nke bụ akụkụ na-agbaze abụba, nwere ike igbochi nje Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid na bilo-betin nwere ọrụ mgbochi siri ike; flavonoids nke Ginkgo niile nwere ike ime ka oke thymus nke òké ndị na-ebu ọrịa kansa dịkwuo elu. na ọkwa ọrụ SOD, na-akwalite ikike mgbochi etuto ahụ nke ahụ; quercetin na myricetin nwere ike igbochi mmepe nke kansa.

Ihe ndetu na ihe mgbochi

Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke ihe e si na akwụkwọ Ginkgo wepụta: Mgbe ụfọdụ, nsogbu afọ na eriri afọ, dịka anorexia, ọgbụgbọ, afọ ntachi, nsị afọ, afọ mgbu, wdg; enwere ike inwe mmụba nke obi, ike ọgwụgwụ, wdg, mana nke a anaghị emetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ. Mgbe ejiri ọnụ mee ihe ogologo oge, a ga-enyocha ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke rheology ọbara mgbe niile. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà afọ, ị nwere ike ịṅụ ya mgbe ị risịrị nri.

Mmekọrịta Ọgwụ

Ngwaahịa a nwere mmetụta synergistic mgbe ejiri ya na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-ebelata viscosity ọbara, dị ka sodium alginate diester, acetate, wdg, nke nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma.

Usoro Mmepe

Akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere obere proanthocyanidins na urushiolic acid, nke ka na-egbu egbu nye ahụ mmadụ. Mgbe ginkgo na-ahapụ dị ka ihe eji emepụta nri, a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche iji belata ọdịnaya nke proanthocyanidins na urushiolic acid. Agbanyeghị, n'ime oke ọgwụ eji eme ihe ugbu a, enweghị nsí dị oke njọ ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ala ala ma ọ nweghị mmetụta teratogenic. Ministri Ahụike kwadoro ihe a na-ewepụta Ginkgo biloba dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri ọhụrụ na 1992. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ejirila Ginkgo biloba total flavonoids mee ihe nke ukwuu n'ụlọ ọrụ nri, nnyocha na mmepe nke Ginkgo biloba nwekwara atụmanya sara mbara.