Akụkọ - Kedu ihe bụ Antioxidant eke

I. Okwu mmalite

Okwu mmalite

Kedu uru ahụike nke ginkgo biloba wepụ ntụ ntụ (2)

Akwukwo akwukwo ginkgobụ ihe okike na-arụ ọrụ nke ewepụtara na akwụkwọ ginkgo. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ flavonoids na ginkgo lactones. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem PAF (ihe na-arụ ọrụ platelet, ihe na-arụ ọrụ platelet) antagonist. Ihe omume ọgwụ ya gụnyere: imeziwanye mgbasa nke cerebral na metabolism cell; na-abawanye ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie superoxide dismutase (SOD) na glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), na ibelata cell membrane peroxidized lipids (MDA). mmepụta, ikpochapụ free radicals, gbochie mmebi nke cardiomyocytes na vaskụla endothelial sel; na-ahọrọ imegide nchịkọta platelet, micro thrombosis, na nsogbu metabolism lipid nke platelet PAF kpatara; melite mgbasa ọbara nke obi ma na-echebe myocardium ischemic; Na-abawanye nrụrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, belata viscosity ọbara, ma kpochapụ ọrịa microcirculatory; na-egbochi njikọ nke thromboxane (TXA2) ma kpalie mwepụta nke prostaglandin PGI2 site na sel endothelial vaskụla.

Isi Iyi Osisi

Ginkgo biloba bụ akwukwo Ginkgo biloba L., osisi nke ezinụlọ Ginkgo. Mwepụta ya (EGB) nwere ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dị iche iche ma ejiri ya mee ihe na nri na ihe ịchọ mma. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ nke akwụkwọ Ginkgo dị mgbagwoju anya, yana ihe karịrị ogige 140 dịpụrụ adịpụ na ya. Flavonoids na terpene lactones bụ isi ihe abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke akwụkwọ Ginkgo. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara polyprenol, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids, phenols, na ihe nchọta. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu si kwuo, akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ ginkgo ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa dị ugbu a bụ EGb761 emepụtara dịka usoro ikike nke Schwabe nke Germany si dị. Ọ na-apụta dị ka ntụ ntụ na-acha aja aja-edo edo ma nwee ntakịrị isi nke akwụkwọ ginkgo. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ bụ 24% flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones, ihe na-erughị 0.0005% ginkgo acid, 7.0% proanthocyanidins, 13.0% carboxylic acid, 2.0% catechins, 20% na-abụghị flavonoid glycosides, na 4.0 polymer ogige. %, inorganic okwu 5.0%, mmiri mgbaze 3.0%, ndị ọzọ 3.0%.

Njirimara Antioxidant na Mechanism

Mwepụta nke akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike iwepu radicals free lipid, lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, wdg, ma kwusi agbụ mmeghachi omume free radical. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịhazi ma melite ọrụ nke enzymes antioxidant dị ka superoxide dismutase na glutathione peroxidase. Mmetụta antioxidant nke flavonoids na EGB karịrị nke vitamin, ọ nwekwara ihe mgbochi ọgụ na-enweghị ihe mgbochi na vitro.

Mmetụta antioxidant nke mpụta ginkgo ewepụtara site na ụzọ dị iche iche dị iche iche, na mmetụta antioxidant nke mpụta crude na ngwaahịa a nụchara anụcha dịkwa iche. Ma Xihan et al. chọpụtara na petroleum ether-ethanol wepụ nwere mmetụta antioxidant kachasị ike na mmanụ rapeseed ma e jiri ya tụnyere mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwetara site na ụzọ nkwadebe dị iche iche. Ikike antioxidant nke mpempe akwụkwọ crude Ginkgo dị elu karịa nke mịpụta a nụchara anụcha. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi crude Mwepụta ahụ nwere ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta antioxidant, dị ka organic acids, amino acids, tannins, alkaloids, na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere mmetụta synergistic.

Usoro nkwadebe

(1) Usoro mmịpụta ihe mgbaze Organic Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ bụ usoro mmịpụta ihe mgbaze organic. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe mgbaze organic ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-ejikarị ethanol eme ihe dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. Nnwale nke Zhang Yonghong na ndị ọzọ gosipụtara na ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka ịwepụta flavonoids na akwụkwọ ginkgo bụ 70% ethanol dị ka ihe ngwọta nke mmịpụta, okpomọkụ mmịpụta bụ 90 Celsius C, oke mmiri siri ike bụ 1:20, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmịpụta bụ 3. ugboro, na oge ọ bụla refluxes maka 1.5 awa.

(2) Enzyme mmịpụta usoro Wang Hui et al.'s nnwale gosiri na mkpụrụ nke ngụkọta flavonoids abawanyela nke ukwuu mgbe ginkgo akwukwo akụrụngwa e pretreated na cellulase na amịpụtara, na mkpụrụ nwere ike iru 2.01%.

(3) Usoro mmịpụta nke ultrasonic Mgbe ọgwụgwọ ultrasonic nke akwụkwọ ginkgo gasịrị, a na-agbaji akpụkpọ ahụ cell, na-eme ka mmegharị nke mpempe akwụkwọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu, nke na-akwalite mgbasa nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, ultrasonic mmịpụta nke flavonoids nwere nnukwu uru. Nsonaazụ nnwale nwetara site na Liu Jingzhi et al. na-egosi na ọnọdụ usoro nke ultrasonic mmịpụta bụ: ultrasonic ugboro 40kHz, ultrasonic ọgwụgwọ oge 55min, okpomọkụ 35 ° C, na guzo 3h. N'oge a, ọnụego mmịpụta bụ 81.9%.

Ngwa

Flavonoids dị na akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ihe ndị na-egbochi nje na enwere ike itinye ya na mmanụ na pastry dị ka antioxidants. Mkpokọta flavonoids na-akacha edo edo ma nwee nnukwu solubility, ma mmiri-soluble na abụba soluble, ya mere enwere ike iji mkpokọta flavonoids mee agba. mmetụta mmetụta. A na-edozi Ginkgo biloba ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ ultrafine ma tinye ya na nri. Akwụkwọ Ginkgo na-egweri nke ọma ma tinye ya na achịcha, biscuits, noodles, candies, na ice cream na ọnụego 5% ruo 10% iji hazie ha n'ime nri akwukwo ginkgo nwere mmetụta nlekọta ahụike.
A na-eji mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri na Canada ma kwadoro ya dị ka ọgwụ na-ere ahịa na Germany na France. Agụnyere akwụkwọ Ginkgo na United States Pharmacopoeia (mbipụta 24) enwere ike iji ya dị ka mgbakwunye nri na United States.

Mmetụta ọgwụ

1. Mmetụta na usoro obi obi
(1) Mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ike igbochi ọrụ nke angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) na ọbara mmadụ nkịtị, si otú a na-egbochi mkpụkọ nke arterioles, ịgbasa arịa ọbara, na ịba ụba ọbara.
(2) Mwepu akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike igbochi myocardial myocardial na oke ụmụ nwoke kpatara site na intravenous injections nke bupivacaine, na-egbochi mgbochi akwara ọbara na ụmụ mmadụ na ezì nke hypoxia kpatara, ma wepụ PAF (ihe na-arụ ọrụ platelet) na-akpata arrhythmia na nkịta. Ọ nwere ike igbochi arụrụ ọrụ obi nke ihe nfụkasị obi na-akpata na pigs dịpụrụ adịpụ.
(3) Mpempe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ike gbasaa arịa ọbara ụbụrụ nke nwamba na nkịta na-egbu egbu, na-abawanye ọbara ụbụrụ, ma belata nkwụsị nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. Akwukwo akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike igbochi mmụba nke mesenteric microvascular dayameta nke endotoxin intravenous kpatara. Na ụdị endotoxin canine, Ginkgo biloba wepụ na-egbochi mgbanwe hemodynamic; n'ụdị ngụgụ atụrụ, Ginkgo biloba wepụ na-egbochi ọbara mgbali elu na edema pulmonary nke kpatara ọrịa lymphatic na-akpata site na endotoxin.
(4) A na-eji 5ml/kg nke ginkgo leaf flavonoids dụnye oke n'ime anụ ahụ kwa ụbọchị. Mgbe ụbọchị 40 gachara, ọdịnaya nke triglyceride serum belatara nke ukwuu. A na-enye ginkgo biloba wepụ (20 mg / kg kwa ụbọchị) ọnụ na oke bekee na-anata nri nkịtị na hypercholesterolemic. Mgbe otu ọnwa gachara, ọkwa cholesterol hyperesterified na plasma na aorta nke oke bekee na-anata nri atherogenic belatara nke ukwuu. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa cholesterol efu agbanwebeghị.
(5) Ginkgo terpene lactone bụ ihe mgbochi nnabata PAF nke ukwuu. Akwukwo akwukwo ginkgo ma obu ginkgo terpene lactone nwere ike igbochi ihe na-eme ka platelet (PAF) na cyclooxygenase ma obu lipoxygenase. A nabatara mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo nke ọma yana nchịkọta platelet na-emegide ya nke PAF kpatara mana emetụtaghị nchịkọta nke ADP kpatara.

2. Mmetụta na Central ụjọ usoro
(1) Ginkgo akwukwo wepụ na-emetụta usoro endocrine na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti site na igbochi ihe omume PAF. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa nke ụbụrụ metabolism ma melite ọrụ ebe nchekwa.
(2) Ginkgo terpene lactones nwere mmetụta antidepressant, na mmetụta antidepressant ha na-emetụta usoro nhụjuanya nke monoaminergic Central.
(3) Na mgbakwunye na eziokwu ahụ bụ na mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ike imeziwanye nsogbu ebe nchekwa adịghị ike nke NaNO2 kpatara, mmetụta ya na-egbochi hypoxic nwere ike jikọta ya na mmụba ya na ọbara ụbụrụ na mmụba nke ụbụrụ ike metabolism n'oge hypoxia.
(4) Ngwunye akwukwo ginkgo na-eme ka ụbụrụ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ dịkwuo mma nke gerbils kpatara site na ligation na recirculation nke ma carotid arteries na-egbochi ụbụrụ mmebi na gerbils kpatara ischemia na nchikota; na-eme ka ọrụ nke nkịta dịkwuo mma mgbe ụbụrụ ụbụrụ multi-focal ischemia na-agbake n'oge mbụ na mbelata mmebi neuronal na-esote ischemia na hippocampus nke ụbụrụ gerbil; na-ebelata oke mfu nke ATP, AMP, creatine na creatine phosphate na ụbụrụ ischemic nke nkịta mongrel. Ginkgo biloba lactone B bara uru na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa strok.

3. Mmetụta na usoro digestive
(1) Mwepu akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike imeziwanye ọnya afọ na eriri afọ na ụmụ oke nke PAF na endotoxin kpatara, ma nwee ike igbochi mmebi gastric nke ethanol kpatara.
(2) N'ime ụmụ oke nwere cirrhosis imeju nke kpatara bile duct ligation, intravenous injection of ginkgo leaf wepụ budata mbelata ọbara mgbali elu venous hepatic, index cardiac , ọbara eruba nke portal vein alaka, na mma systemic vaskụla ndidi tụnyere placebo. Nke a na-egosi na mpempe akwụkwọ ginkgo nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa na imeju cirrhosis. Ọ nwere ike igbochi guzobe radicals na-enweghị oxygen na oke oke pancreatitis nke cholecystokinin kpatara. Ginkgo terpene lactone B nwere ike itinye aka na ọgwụgwọ nke nnukwu pancreatitis.

4. Mmetụta na usoro iku ume
(1) Mwepụta ethanol nke Ginkgo biloba nwere mmetụta izu ike ozugbo na akwara tracheal dị nro ma nwee ike belata mmetụta spasmodic nke histamine phosphate na acetylcholine na trachea dịpụrụ adịpụ nke ezi pigs, ma gbochie ịwakpo asthma nke histamine kpatara na pigs Guinea.
(2) Intravenous injection nke akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere ike igbochi bronchoconstriction na hyperresponsiveness nke ụmụ oke nke PAF na ovalbumin kpatara, ma gbochie bronchoconstriction nke antigens kpatara, mana ọ naghị emetụta hyperresponsiveness bronchial nke indomethacin kpatara.
(3) Inhalation nke aerosolized Ginkgo akwukwo wepụ ọ bụghị nanị na-egbochi bronchoconstriction kamakwa na-egbochi mbelata nke ọbara ọcha na eosinophils nke PAF kpatara. Akwukwo akwukwo ginkgo bu ihe di oke mkpa n'igbochi na ịgwọ hyperresponsiveness nke bronchi.

5. Mgbochi ịka nká mmetụta
Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, ginkgo biloba, na quercetin na ginkgo na-ahapụ ihe niile na-egbochi peroxidation lipid, ọkachasị ebe quercetin nwere ọrụ mgbochi siri ike. A na-eme nnwale na oke ma chọpụta na akwụkwọ ginkgo nke mmiri amịpụtara na mkpokọta flavonoids (0.95mg / ml) nwere ike ibelata peroxidation lipid nke ukwuu, na akwukwo ginkgo nke acid na-ewepụta mkpokọta flavonoids (1.9mg / ml) nwere ike ịbawanye ọla kọpa na zinc SOD. ọrụ ma belata mmetụta nke viscosity ọbara mgbe ị na-ebelata ọrụ SGPT.

7. Ọrụ na transplant jụrụ na ndị ọzọ dịghịzi mmeghachi omume
Mwepụta nke akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike ịgbatị oge ndụ nke grafts akpụkpọ anụ, heterotopic obi xenografts, na orthotopic imeju xenografts. Ngwunye akwukwo ginkgo nwere ike igbochi ọrụ sel na-egbu egbu nke anụ ahụ megide mkpụrụ ndụ ebumnuche KC526, ma nwee ike igbochi ọrụ sel na-egbu egbu nke interferon kpatara.

8. Mmetụta mgbochi tumor
Mwepụta crude nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke Ginkgo biloba, akụkụ nke nwere abụba nwere ike igbochi nje Epstein-Barr. Heptadecene salicylic acid na bilo-betin nwere ọrụ mgbochi siri ike; mkpokọta flavonoids nke Ginkgo nwere ike ịbawanye ibu nke thymus nke ụmụ oke na-ebu akpụ. na ọkwa ọrụ SOD, na-achịkọta ikike mgbochi tumor nke anụ ahụ; quercetin na myricetin nwere ike igbochi ọnọdụ nke carcinogens.

Notes na Contraindications

Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ nke mpempe akwụkwọ Ginkgo: Mgbe ụfọdụ, ahụ erughị ala nke eriri afọ, dị ka anorexia, ọgbụgbọ, afọ ntachi, stools rụrụ arụ, mgbaka afọ, wdg; enwekwara ike ịbawanye ọnụọgụ obi, ike ọgwụgwụ, wdg, mana ndị a anaghị emetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ. Mgbe nchịkwa ọnụ ogologo oge gasịrị, a ga-enyocha ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke rheology ọbara mgbe niile. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà eriri afọ, ị nwere ike were ya mgbe nri gasịrị.

Mmekọrịta ọgwụ

Ngwaahịa a nwere mmetụta synergistic mgbe ejiri ya na ọgwụ viscosity ndị ọzọ na-ebelata ọbara, dị ka sodium alginate diester, acetate, wdg, nke nwere ike melite arụmọrụ.

Usoro mmepe

Akwụkwọ Ginkgo nwere obere proanthocyanidins na urushiolic acid, nke ka na-egbu egbu na ahụ mmadụ. Mgbe ginkgo na-ahapụ dị ka akụrụngwa iji hazie nri, a chọrọ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche iji belata ọdịnaya nke proanthocyanidins na urushiolic acid. Otú ọ dị, n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-eji ugbu a, ọ dịghị nnukwu ma ọ bụ na-adịghị ala ala toxicity yana enweghị mmetụta teratogenic. Ministri ahụike kwadoro Ginkgo biloba wepụ dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri ọhụrụ na 1992. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Ginkgo biloba ngụkọta flavonoids ejiriwo ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ nri, na nyocha na mmepe nke Ginkgo biloba nwere atụmanya sara mbara.