I. Okwu Mmalite
Phospholipidsbụ ihe dị oke mkpa nke membranes nke ndu ma kpọọ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro physiost dị iche iche. Ghọta ihe nhazi ha na ọrụ dị mkpa iji ghọta ụdị ihe ọmụmụ nke cellular na molecular na nke ha dị mkpa na ahụike na ọrịa ụmụ mmadụ. Igosiputa a zuru oke bu ihe ndi ozo nke phospholipids a, na-enyocha nkọwa ha na nhazi ha, yana igosipụta mkpa ọ dị ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ irighiri ihe.
A. Nkọwapụta na nhazi nke phospholipids
Phospholipids bụ klas nke lipids nke mejupụtara ụgbụ acty, otu phospte, na agwọ glycel backbone. Ihe owuwu pụrụ iche nke phospholipids na-enyere ha aka ịpụta lipid biilayer, ntọala nke membranes, na-eche ihu hydrophobic na-eche ihu na-eche ihu. Ndokwa a na-enye ihe mgbochi siri ike nke na-achịkwa mmegharị nke ihe na ụlọ mkpọrọ, mgbe ị na-emegharị usoro cellular dị ka akara na ụgbọ njem.
B. Mkpa nke ịmụ phospholipids
Studingmụọ phospholipids dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ihe. Nke mbu, ha bu ihe di na ulo na oru nke membranes, na - eme ka mmiri di iche iche, ndi ozo, na nkwụsi ike. Ghọta Njirimara nke phospholipids dị mkpa maka ịmepụta usoro mkpuchi ahụ dị ka endocytosis, na transgal translation.
Ọzọkwa, phospholipids nwere ihe dị mkpa maka ahụike mmadụ, ọkachasị banyere ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọrịa obi, nsogbu neurodeneridities, ọrịa metabolic. Nchọpụta na phospholipids nwere ike ịpụta nghọta na mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ akwụkwọ ọgwụgwọ akwụkwọ ozi na ihe oriri na-elekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara ahụike ndị a.
Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ mmepụta ihe na azụmaahịa nke phospholipids na mpaghara na-eme ọgwụ, na ihe mkpuchi, na ihe na-egbu maramara dị mkpa iji nwee ike ịga n'ihu na ihe ọmụma anyị. Ghọta ọrụ dị iche iche na akụrụngwa nke phospholipids nwere ike ibute mmepe ngwaahịa na teknụzụ na-enwe ihe ọ pụtara na ọganihu mmadụ na teknụzụ mmadụ na teknụzụ.
Na nchịkọta, ọmụmụ nke phospholipids dị mkpa maka ichepụta sayensị na-adọrọ adọrọ n'azụ ahụike na ọrụ, na-enyocha ike ha na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Igosiputa ihe eji eme ihe banyere otutu ihe eji eme ka ihe di iche iche mee ihe na ihe ha di nkpa banyere nyocha nke ndu ndu, ọdịmma nke mmadụ, na teknụzụ mmadụ.
II. Ọrụ ndu nke phospholipids
Phospholipids, akụrụngwa dị mkpa nke sel membranes, egwu egwu dị iche iche na ịnọgide na-enwe mkpụrụ osisi na ọrụ, yana na-emetụta usoro dị iche iche. Ghọta ihe dị ndụ nke phosphalipids na-eme ka nghọta baa na ahụike na ọrịa mmadụ.
A. Nanị ọrụ na arụ ọrụ na arụ ọrụ
Ọrụ ndu mbụ nke phospholipids bụ onyinye ha nwere na nhazi nke membranes. Phospholipids na-etolite lipid biayer, usoro nke membranes, site na ịhazi onwe ha na ọdụ ọdụ hydrophobic ha n'ime na hydrophilic isi. Ihe owuwu a na - emepụta akpụkpọ ahụ semiceermermane nke na - edozi ụzọ nke ihe na sel, si otú a na - eme ka ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka Uprent, na akara ngosi.
B. Izigharị na nkwukọrịta na sel
Phospholipids na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa nke usoro na-egosi na usoro nzipu ozi na-eme. Phospholipids, dị ka phosphaitdyLonositol, na-eme atụmatụ maka usoro molecules (dịka, intositol triphosphate, gụnyere uto cellular, gụnyere uto cell, dị iche iche, na apoptosis. Molecules ndị a na-egwuri egwu na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na incellular na intercellular na-enye aka na ntị dị iche iche na omume centrilation.
C. Onyinye ọgwụ ahụike na ọrụ ọgụgụ isi
Phospholipids, ọkachasị phosphatidylcholine, na phosphaylserine, na-aba ụba na ụbụrụ, dịkwa mkpa maka ịnọgide na-anọgide na nhazi ya. Phospholipids na-enye aka na nguzobe na nkwụsi ike nke meuronal membranes, enyemaka na nzụta Neurotroncartmit, ma na-etinye na plastity plastity, nke dị oke mkpa maka mmụta na ebe nchekwa. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids na-ekere òkè na usoro a na-arụ ọrụ na usoro akwara na usoro ị na-agwa ya na ịka nká na nsogbu akwara.
D. Mmetụta na ahụike obi na ọrụ obi
Phospholipids egosipụtawo mmetụta dị ukwuu na ahụike obi na ọrụ obi. Ha tinyere aka na nhazi na ọrụ nke lipoprotein, nke na-ebugharị cholesterol na lipids ndị ọzọ na ọbara. Phospholipids n'ime lipoprotein na-eso na nkwụsi ike na ọrụ ha, na-emetụta lipid metabolism na cholesterol hovastolasis. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids amụọla maka ike ha na-enwe profaịlụ lipid ọbara ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi, na-akọwapụta ihe ndị ọ na-agwọ ọrịa na ijikwa ahụike ha.
E. Mbanye na lipid metabolism na imepụta ume
Phospholipids na-ejikọkarị lipid metabolism na imepụta ume. Ha na-etinye aka na njikọ na ndakpọ nke lipids, gụnyere triglycerides na cholesterol, ma na-egwuri egwu na ụgbọ ibu na nchekwa Lipid na nchekwa. Phospholipids na-emekwa ka ọrụ Mitochondrial na ike site na ntinye aka ha na phosphory na-ebugharị na eriri elektrọn, na-egosi mkpa ha dị mkpa na metabolism ike.
Na nchịkọta, ọrụ ndu nke phospholipids na-ekekọta ma na-arụ ọrụ ha na ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na ahụike, na itinye aka na Linabolism na ike. Igosiputa ihe omuma a zuru oke nke oru di iche iche nke phosphalipids na ihe ha putara maka ahuike na odi nma.
III. Uru ahụike nke phospholipids
Phospholipids bụ ihe dị mkpa nke membranes nke nwere ọrụ dị iche iche na ahụike mmadụ. Ghọta uru ahụike nke phospholipids nwere ike ị ga - eme ka a ghọtakwuo ngwa a na - eri nri.
Mmetụta na cholesterol ọkwa
Phospholipids na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na lipid metabolism na ụgbọ, nke na-emetụta ọkwa cholesterol n'ahụ. Nchọpụta egosipụtara na phospholipids nwere ike gbanwee cholesterolis metabolism site na imetụta njikọ, nnabata, na excretion nke cholesterol. A na-akọpụta phospholipids inye aka na emulsification na soloblilililization nke abụba nri, si otú a na-eme ka nnabata cholesterol na eriri afọ. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids na-etinye aka na lipoprotein dị elu (hdl), nke a na-ama maka ọrụ ha na-eme ka ọ bụrụ cholestem dị n'ọbara site na ọbara, si otú a belata ihe ize ndụ nke atherosclerosis na ọrịa obi. Ihe akaebe na-egosi na phospholipids nwere ike ịnwe ike ime ka profaịlụ lipid ma na-atụnye ụtụ na mmezi cholesterol dị mma n'ahụ.
Ngwongwo antioxiding
Phospholipids na-egosi ihe ndị na-egosi ihe na-akpata na-enye aka na mmetụta ha bara uru na ahụike. Dị ka ihe dị mkpa nke membranes cellular, phospholipids nwere ike ibute mmebi nke oxditive site na ụdị radicals na nzacha oxygen. Agbanyeghị, phospholipids nwere ike nke ịbụkwa ikike nke na-enweghị atụ, na-eme ihe dị ka ndị na-agagharị nke radicals na cellks sitere na nrụgide oxiditit. Nnyocha e mere gosipụtara na phospholidids akọwapụtara, dịka phosphaitdylcholine na phosphaitdylethanine, nwere ike imecha ma ọ bụrụ na lipididation oxidamitive. Ọzọkwa, a na-akụpụta phospholipids na-eme ka usoro nchekwa na-egbochi ọgwụ mgbochi n'ime sel, si na-arụpụta mmetụta nchebe megide mbibi ndị ọxidiiti na nsogbu metụtara ọrịa oxidiiti.
A ga-enyocha ngwa na nri
Uru ahụike nke Phospholipids emepụtarala mmasị na ngwa ọgwụgwọ ha nwere ike. A na-enyocha ọgwụgwọ nke phospholipid maka ike ha na ijikwa nsogbu ndị metụtara egbugbere ọnụ, dịka hypercholestemia na dyslipidemia. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids egosila nkwa na ịkwalite ọrụ imeju na ịkwalite ọnọdụ metụtara Hepactic lipid metabolism na nrụgide oxiditive. Achọpụtala ngwa nri nke phospholipids nke nri na-arụ ọrụ na mmeju nri, ebe a na-emepụta usoro mmeju - na-eme ka ahụike na-eme ka obi sie ike, na-akwalite ọdịmma obi.
Na mmechi, uru ahụike nke Phospholipids na-akpata mmetụta ha na ọkwa cholesterol, Njirimara antioxitive na ngwa ọgwụgwọ ha nwere ike na nri. Ghọta ọrụ dị iche iche nke phospholipids na ijigide ihe ọghọm ọrịa ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nghọta bara uru n'ịzụlite ahụike mmadụ na ọdịmma mmadụ.
Iv. Isi mmalite nke phospholipids
Phospholipids, dị ka ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi dị mkpa nke membranes cellulanes, dị mkpa iji nọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na arụmọrụ nke sel. Ghọta isi mmalite nke phospholipids bụ ihe na-enweghị atụ iji nwee ekele maka mkpa ha na ngwa nri na ngwa ọrụ.
Isi mmalite
Isi mmalite nri: Enwere ike ịnweta pospholipids site na ụzọ nri dị iche iche, yana ụfọdụ isi mmalite ndị ahụ bara uru na-a akwa nkochi ime akwa, anụ ahụ dị na soybeans. Achịcha yolks na-eto eto na phosphatidylcholine, ụdị phospholipid, ebe soybe nwere phosphatidine na phosphatidylositol. Isi mmalite nri ndị ọzọ nke phospholipids gụnyere ngwaahịa mmiri ara ehi, ahụekere, na mkpụrụ osisi sunflower.
Mkpa ndu: phospholipids nri dị mkpa maka nri mmadụ na-eme ka ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro physiological dị iche iche. Ozugbo a kwaturu, phospholipids na-atalata ma na-etinye aka na obere eriri afọ, ebe ha na-ejedebe na-eme ka ahụ na-eme ihe na ọrụ nke lipoprotein na-ebugharị cholesterol na triglycerides.
Phospholigids gosipụtara na phospholigids na-eri nri nwere ike ịnwe uru ahụike, gụnyere ọrụ imeju, na-enyere gị aka inwe ahụike. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids sitere na isi mmalite mmiri, dịka mmanụ Krill, enwetala uche maka ihe ndị nwere ike ọgwụ mgbochi na antioxidant.
B. Industriall na postmational Isi mmalite
Mwepụta mmepụta ihe: A na-enwetakwa phospholipids site na isi mmalite ụlọ ọrụ, ebe ha na-amịpụta site na akụrụngwa ndị dị ka soybelọ, mkpụrụ osisi sunflowed. A na-ahazi phospholids ndị a ma jiri ya rụọ ọrụ na ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere mmepụta nke emulsifiers, ndị nnọchianya, na ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma.
Ngwa nke ọgwụ: phospholipids na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, karịsịa na sistemụ nnyefe ọgwụ. A na-eji ha eme ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwupụta usoro nke usoro nnyefe ọgwụ Lipid na-eme ka ọ dị mma iji melite bioaivailsọ, nkwụsi ike, na iche banyere ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ. Ọzọkwa, enyochala phospholipids maka ike ha na-azụlite ndị na-ebu ọgwụ ọjọọ maka nnyefe ezubere iche na nnyefe nke ọgwụgwọ.
Thelọ ọrụ na-eme ihe dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe: Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta nke phospholipipids gbatịrị ka ọ na-etinye ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ebe ha na-eje ozi dị iche iche na nri dị iche iche. A na-ejikwa phospholipids na mmepụta nke nlekọta na ngwaahịa nke ịchọ mma na ịchọ mma nke ịchọ mma, ebe ha na-enye aka na nkwụsi ike na arụmọrụ nke usoro dị ka ude, mmachi, lotions, na lipo.
Na mmechi, phospholipids na-eji sooro ma nri nri ma nri nri, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na uru ndị mmadụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ahụike, na usoro ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ghọta isi mmalite na ngwa nke phospholipids dị mkpa iji nwee ekele maka mkpa ha dị na nri, ahụike, na ụlọ ọrụ.
V. Nnyocha na ngwa
A. Nnyocha nyocha dị ugbu a na Phospholipid
Nchọpụta sayensị ugbu a na Sayensị Phospholipid gụnyere ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche nke isiokwu na-elekwasị anya na nghọta ahụ, ọrụ, na ọrụ nke phospholipids na usoro ndu dị iche iche. Iwu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya gụnyere nyocha nke ọrụ dị iche iche nke klas dị iche iche nke phospholipids na-egwu na akara sel, Distumics metabolism. Ọzọkwa, enwere mmasị na nghọta na nchịkọta nke phospholipid nwere ike imetụta cimelsis na usoro nyocha ọhụrụ maka ịmụ olu phospholipids na ọkwa cellular na molular.
B. Industriallọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa ọgwụ
Phospholipids achọtala ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepụta ọrụ na nke ọgwụ n'ihi akụrụngwa anụ ahụ na kemịkal ha. Na Ngalaba Ngalaba, a na-ewulite phospholipiers dị ka emulsfers, ndị ọrụ na-ekwu okwu, na itinye ihe na nri, ịchọ mma, yana ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta onwe ya. Na ọgwụ, a na-eji usoro ọgwụ, gụnyere Lipsosomes n 'ọgwụ ngụgụ, gụnyere Lipsosomes na usoro lipa, iji bulie ngụgụ na ọgwụ na-egbu egbu. Ojiji nke phospholipids na ngwa ndị a gbasaa nke ukwuu na mmetụta ha nwere na ọrụ dị iche iche.
C. Nduzi na ihe ịma aka nke oge na nyocha Phospholipip
Ọdịnihu nke nyocha Phospholipid nwere nnukwu nkwa gụnyere ihe ndị nwere ike ịmalite ihe ndị sitere na ihe ndị dabeere Phospholipid na ngwa biotechnipids dị ka ebumnuche maka njikọta ọgwụgwọ. Ihe ịma aka ga - edenye okwu metụtara isi ihe ike, ịmụgharị ya - arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa phospholipipy. Ọzọkwa, ịghọta mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya n'etiti phospholipids na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ cellular, yana ọrụ ha na usoro ọrịa, ga-abụ mpaghara dị mkpa nke nyocha na-aga n'ihu.
D.Phospholipid liposomanNgwaahịa Serth
Ngwaahịa Liposomal bụ mpaghara dị mkpa iji lekwasị anya na ngwa ọgwụ. Liphosomes, nke bụ spicles vesicles mejupụtara ndị bilpholipid bọl, na-amụkarị na sistemụ nnyefe ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-enye uru dị ka ikike iji mee ka ọ bụrụ na hydrophobic na ọgwụ ọgwụ hydrophilic, lekwasịrị anya na-akpata ọgwụ ọgwụ ụfọdụ. Na-aga n'ihu na ebumnuche mmepe iji meziwanye nkwụsi ike, ikike ọgwụ, na ike nke ngwaahịa akpọnwụ phosphalipid maka ngwa ọgwụgwọ.
Isi mmalite a na-eme ka a na-ebugharị eme nchọpụta banyere nyocha nke phospholipid, gụnyere usoro ihe dị ugbu a, ihe ndị na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ na ihe ịma aka, na mmepe nke ngwaahịa anụ ụlọ. Ihe omuma a na-eme ka ihe di iche iche gosiputa onodu na ohere ejikọtara ya na phospholipids na mpaghara dị iche iche.
Vi. Mmechi
A. nchịkọta nke nchoputa
Phospholipids, dị ka ihe dị mkpa na membranes nke ndu, na-egwuri egwu na ịnọgide na-elekọta mkpụrụ osisi cellular na ọrụ. Nnyocha ekpugherela ọrụ dị iche iche nke phospholipids na celllaliming, DisBANá na-agbanwe, na lipid metabolism. Achọpụtala klas ụfọdụ nke phospholipids ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche n'ime sel, na-emetụta usoro dị ka Cell iche, na-eto eto, na apooftosis. Ọzọkwa, mgbagwoju anya n'etiti phosphipipids, lipids ndị ọzọ, protein protein a apụtawo dị ka ihe dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ akwara. Ọzọkwa, phospholipids nwere ngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị ukwuu, ọkachasị na mmepụta emulcfeers, ndị na-ekwu okwu, na usoro nnyefe ọgwụ ọjọọ. Ghọta ihe owuwu na ọrụ nke phosphalipids na-enye nghọta ka ha nwee ike ị nweta nghọta na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ha nwere ike.
B. Onyinye maka ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ
Nghọta ahụ zuru oke nke phospholipids nwere ihe ọ pụtara dị mkpa maka ahụike na ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihe banyere ahụike, phospholipids dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ọrụ. Imbalances ke kompeppholipi na ọrịa dị iche iche na ọrịa dị iche iche, gụnyere nsogbu metabolic, ọrịa neuropenerited, na ọrịa kansa. Ya mere, ezubere iche itinye ego iji megharịa metabolism ma rụọ ọrụ nwere ike ị nweta ike ọgwụgwọ. Ọzọkwa, iji phospholipids na usoro nnyefe ọgwụ na-enye nkwalite ụzọ dị mma maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ na nchekwa nke ngwaahịa ngwaahịa. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta, phospholipids na-eme ka ngwaahịa dị iche iche na ngwaahịa ndị ahịa, gụnyere emulsions nri, ihe ịchọ mma, na usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ. Ghọta mmekọrịta ọrụ nke phospholipids nwere ike ịmịpụta ọhụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a, na-eduga mmepe nke ngwaahịa akụkọ nwere nkwụsi ike na bioapality ka mma.
C. Ohere maka ohere nyocha na mmepe
Nnyocha gara n'ihu na Science Phospholipid na-enye ọtụtụ ụzọ ụzọ na-echekwa maka ịga n'ihu na mmepe. Otu mpaghara bụ nkọcha nke usoro molecular na-etinye ntinye nke phospholipids na ụzọ celllọ ọrụ na usoro ọrịa. Enwere ike ị nweta ihe ọmụma a ka ị zụlite usoro ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche na-agbanwekarị proonolipid metabolism n'ihi uru ọgwụgwọ. Ọzọkwa, nyocha ọzọ na iji phosphalipids dị ka ụgbọala na-enye ọgwụ na mmepe nke usoro ọdịnala ọhụrụ ga-aga n'ihu n'ọhịa. Na Ngalaba Industrial, Mgbalị iche iche na-aga n'ihu nwere ike itinye usoro mmepụta ahụ na-ejikarị ngwaahịa na ngwa nke ngwaahịa phospholipid na-ejikọ ahịa nke ahịa ndị ahịa. Ọzọkwa, ịgagharị isi mmalite na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Phospholipids maka iji ụlọ ọrụ bụ mpaghara ọzọ dị mkpa maka mmepe.
Ya mere, ihe nlele zuru oke banyere sayensị phospholipid na-egosipụta ihe dị oke mkpa nke phospholipids na arụ ọrụ, ngwa ọrụ ha dị na ngwa ahụike ha dịgasị iche iche. Nchọgharị ahụ na-aga n'ihu na nyocha nke Phospholipip na-enye ohere na-atọ ụtọ maka ịza ihe ịma aka metụtara ahụike na ịnyagharị na ịnyagharị ọrụ ọhụụ.
Ntuziaka:
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Oge post: Dec-21-2023
