I. Okwu Mmalite
Phospholipids bụ klas nke lipids dị mkpa nke membranes sel. Ihe nhazi ha pụrụ iche, nke mejupụtara hydrophilic ọdụ na ọdụ hydrophobic abụọ, na-enye ohere pospholipids iji mepụta ihe ndozi nke sel dị n'ime ụlọ nke sel site na gburugburu cell. Ọrụ a na-arụ ọrụ a dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na arụmọrụ nke sel na ihe niile dị ndụ.
Ntinye aka na nkwukọrịta bụ usoro dị mkpa na-enyere mkpụrụ ndụ aka na ibe ha na gburugburu ha, na-enye ohere maka nzaghachi dị iche iche na mkpali dị iche iche. Mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike hazie uto, mmepe, na ọtụtụ ọrụ physiological site na usoro ndị a. Itszọ akara nke sel na-emetụta nnyefe nke akara, dị ka homonụ ma ọ bụ neurotronsmitters, nke ndị na-anabata ya na sel na-eme nke ọma na nzaghachi sọọsọ akọwapụtara.
Ingghọta ọrụ phospholipids na nkwukọrịta sel na nkwukọrịta dị oke mkpa maka ịmepụta ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya nke otu sembas si ekwupụta ihe omume ha. Nghọta a nwere ihe dị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, gụnyere Cellogy bayoloji, ọgwụ, na mmepe nke ọgwụgwọ ezubere maka ọtụtụ ọrịa na nsogbu. Site n'ime ka inclay interplay n'etiti phospholipids na akara sel, anyị nwere ike inweta nghọta n'ime usoro dị ala na-achịkwa omume na ọrụ.
II. Ọdịdị nke phospholipids
A. Nkọwa nke Phospholipid:
Phospholipids bụ molecules ampathaic, nke pụtara na ha nwere hydrophilic (na-adọta mmiri) na hydrophobic (na-agbagharị) mpaghara. Ihe dị mkpa nke phospholipid mejupụtara glycerol molekle acù na acts abụọ na-enwe isi nke phosphate. Northdrophobic ọdụ, nke e dere n'àkwà abụba acù, na-etolite ime nke lipid biayer, ebe hydrophilic òtù dị iche iche na-eme ka mmiri dị na nke akpụkpọ ahụ. Mbido a pụrụ iche na-enye ohere iji onwe ya bụrụ onye na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi, yana ọdụ ọdụ mmiri hydrophobic na-eche ihu na mpụga ụlọ mkpọrọ.
B. Ọrụ nke phospholipid bilayer ke cell akpụkpọ ụkwụ:
Phospholipid bilayer bụ ihe dị mkpa nke akpụkpọ ahụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ, na-enye ihe mgbochi nke ọkara nke na-achịkwa ihe ndị na-egbochi ihe ndị na-abanye na sel. Nke a na-ahọrọ permeability dị mkpa maka ịnọgide na-ejigide ebe obibi nke sel na nke dị oke mkpa maka usoro dị ka Updimination, na nchepụ ya pụọ na ndị na-emerụ ahụ. A ga na-arụ ọrụ ya ọrụ, nke phospholipid na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na nkwukọrịta sel.
Ihe atụ ahụ Molaị nke akpụkpọ ahụ nke sel, nke ịbụ abụ na Nicolson na 1972, na-ekwusi ike na ụdị akpụkpọ ahụ, na proteins na-agbasasị na nsị dị iche iche na-agbasasị na-agbasasị. Ihe owuwu a siri ike bụ ihe dị mkpa na ntinye aka na nkwukọrịta. Ndị na-anabata ihe, ọwa mmiri, na protein ndị ọzọ na-egosi na Phospholipid Blayer ma dị mkpa maka ịmata nrịba ama mpụga na ibunye ha n'ime ime ụlọ.
Ọzọkwa, akụrụngwa anụ ahụ nke phosphalipids, dịka mmiri mmiri ha na ikike iji mepụta oghere lipid, na-emetụta nzukọ na ịrụ ọrụ nke proteins akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Omume siri ike nke phospholipids na-emetụta mpaghara na ọrụ nke protein na-egosi, si otú a na-emetụta nkọwapụta na arụmọrụ nke ụzọ.
Ghọta Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Phospholipids na ihe owuwu akpụkpọ ahụ nke na-arụ ọrụ nwere ihe ọ pụtara dị ukwuu maka ọtụtụ usoro ndụ, gụnyere cellolalis, mmepe, na ọrịa. Nchịkọta nke usoro mmụta nke phospholipid na nyocha sel sel na-eme ka nghọta na-enweghị isi banye na nkwukọrịta sel ma nwee nkwa maka mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ usoro ọgwụgwọ.
III. Ọrụ nke phospholipids na akara sel
A. phospholipids dị ka molecules
Phospholipids, dị ka ndị na-enweghị atụ nke membranes, apụtawo dị ka usoro nri dị mkpa na-egosi na mkparịta ụka cell. Ndị isi Hydrophilic nke phospholipids, karịsịa ndị nwere ntụ ọka intositol, na-eje ozi dị ka ndị ozi nke abụọ dị mkpa na ụzọ dị iche iche. Iji maa atụ, phosphaitdylinositol 4,5-biisphosphate (pip2) na-egbochi mosilit site na iji nwa na-egbochi mkpụrụ osisi (Dag) na nzaghachi na-eme ka mkpali. Molecules ndị na-enye akara ngosi ndị a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọkwa intracellular ma na-arụ ọrụ cellulating dị iche iche gụnyere cellation, dị iche iche, na mgbatị ahụ.
Ọzọkwa, phospholipids dị ka phosphatidic acid (pa) na Lọdphosphophipids na-achọpụta na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-emetụta ekwentị protein akọwapụtara. Iji maa atụ, Paictive dị ka onye isi ogbugbo ke uto na-eto eto na-etolite protein na-egosi, LPA) na-etinye usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe, sel lanarị, na ọpụpụ. Ọrụ ndị a dịgasị iche iche nke phospholipids na-egosi mkpa ọ dị mkpa na ọsụsọ na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime sel.
B. Mpaghara nke phospholipids na uzo transdar
Ntinye nke phospholipids na ụzọ transbisions n'ụzọ dị oke mkpa site na iji ihe na-emegharị emegharị ọrụ nke ndị na-anabata ihe omume, ọkachasị ndị na-anabata ya proteint (GPRrs). N'elu Ligand na-etinye GPRrs, phospholipase C (PLC) na-arụ ọrụ, na-eduga na hydrolysis nke pip2 na ọgbọ nke Ip3 na Dag. IP3 na-akpali mwepụta nke calcium site na ụlọ ahịa Intracellular, ebe Dag na-enye protein kinase C, n'ikpeazụ na-agwụ ike na usoro ngosipụta nke Gene, uto mkpụrụ ndụ na mgbasa ozi.
Ọzọkwa, phosphositosides, klas nke phosphalipids, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-eme ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere ndị na-eduzi ndị na-azụ ahịa akpụkpọ ahụ na Actin Cytoskoton. Di ike na-agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti phosphosiositedes na protein ha na-eme na-eme na-eme ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na nwa oge nke ihe omume, si otú a na-akpụzi nzaghachi cellular na mkpali.
Ntinye aka nke phosphaceted nke phospholipids na akara nke cell na uzo translal na-egosiputa ihe ha di nkpa dika ihe ndi ozo.
Iv. Phospholipids na nkwukọrịta intracellar
A. phospholipids na intracellar
Phospholipids, klas nke lipids nwere otu phosphate, gwuo ihe dị omimi na akara intracellar, na-ebugharị usoro cellular dị iche iche site na itinye aka na ntinye aka. Otu ihe atụ a ma ama bụ PhosphaitdyLinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate (pippholipid dị na akpụkpọ ahụ plasma. Na nzaghachi na mkpali nke ewepụta, pIP2 na-egbochi intophosphate (IP3) na diacyllinlycerlol (Dag) site na enzyme phospholinde c (plc). IP3 na-akpali mwepụta nke calcium site na ụlọ ahịa intracellular, ebe Dag na-enye protein kinase Cellular C, dị iche iche, na nhazigharị cytosheral.
Ọzọkwa, prọspholipids ndị ọzọ, gụnyere phosphatidic acid (PA) na Lọvophospholipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipipiọ. PA na-enye aka na usoro nke uto na-eto eto site na ime ihe dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ proteins dị iche iche. Achọpụtala Lypophosphatific acid (LPA) maka ntinye ya na ngbanwe nke Celllana Ọnahụ, Mbugharị, na Cytoskeletraal. Nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka nke phosphalipids dị ka ọtụtụ ihe dị n'ime sel.
B. Mmekorita nke phospholipids na protein na ndị na - anabata ya
Phospholipids na-emekwa ka ihe protein na ndị na-anabata ihe iji gbanwee usoro mgbasa ozi mogle. O doro anya, phosphositosides, stud nke phospholipids, na-eje ozi dị ka ikpo okwu maka mbanye na ịgbalite protein na-egosi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, phosphaitdylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate (Pip3) ọrụ na-eme proteoning nwere plateono honology (PH) na ngalaba plateology, si otú a na-ebute ihe omume na-eme ihe na-egosi. Ọzọkwa, mkpakọrịta nke phospholipids nwere protein na-egosi na ndị na-anabata ndị na-enye ohere maka njikwa ihe omume n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ.
Mmekọrịta dị iche iche nke phosphaceteds na proteins na ndị na-anabata ya na-egosi ọrụ dị ịrịba ama ha na ngbanwe nke intacellar na-egosi n'okporo ụzọ nke akụrụngwa.
V. Usoro nke phospholipids na akara sel
A. enzymes na n'okporo ụzọ metụtara metabolili na phospholilis
A na-ahazi phospholipids site na netwọki na ụzọ enzymes na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-emetụta ụba ha ma rụọ ọrụ na akara ọkwa sel. Otu n'ime ụzọ dị otú ahụ na-agụnye njikọ ma tụgharịa nke phosphatidylineol (PI) na nke ya na-eme, nke a maara dị ka phosphositosidedes. Phosphatidlinoshitol 4-kinases na phosphateylinoshitol 4-phosphate 5-kinasphate (PI4P) na phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisisphate (pip 2) n'otu n'otu. N'aka nke ọzọ, phosphatases, dị ka phosphase na tensin homolog (PENTH), depphosphonteitiodes, na-ahazi ọkwa ha na mmetụ na akara akwara.
Ọzọkwa, do Novo Sinshesis nke phospholipids, ọkachasị phosphatidic acid (pa) Ndị ogbugbo, na-emetụta usoro ntinye uche dị iche iche ma na-enye aka na mmezi nke cellulasis.
B. Mmetụta nke ụkpụrụ phospholipi na usoro akara sel
Iwu nke phospholipids na-agbasi mbọ ike na usoro nkwado sel site na ịkatọ ihe omume nke ụmụ irighiri ihe na ụzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ntụgharị nke pip2 site na phospholipase c na-emepụta insitol (IP3) na dia3), na-eduga na mwepụta nke contein Kitease C, n'otu n'otu. Mgbasa ozi a na-eme ka nzaghachi cellular dị ka neurotranstions, akwara olu, na cell na-agaghị ahụ baptism.
Ọzọkwa, mgbanwe na ọkwa nke phosphoositodededededededededededededededes na ịgbalite protein na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba lipid-na-eme ihe, usoro na-emetụta ya, na njem Cytoskelel. Ọzọkwa, iwu nke ọkwa paịba na phospholipases na phosphatases na-emetụta ndị na-ere ahịa mempruck, na-eto eto, na lipid na-abanye n'okporo ụzọ.
Interplaplay n'etiti phospholipid metabolism na sel sel na-egosi mkpa iwu phospholipid na-ejide ọrụ cellular ma zaghachi mkpali nke cellular.
Vi. Mmechi
A. nchịkọta nke ọrụ dị mkpa nke phospholipids na akara ụda na nkwukọrịta
Na nchịkọta, phospholipids na-egwuri egwu dị ịrịba ama na akara nke sel sel sel na usoro nkwukọrịta n'ime usoro ndu. Ọnọdụ ha na arụmọrụ ha na-enyere ha aka ije ozi dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ekwentị, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa gụnyere:
Nzukọ Umbrane:
Phospholipids na-etolite ihe mgbochi ụlọ nke membranes, na-ebido ntọala ntọala maka oghere nke mkpụrụ cellulation na mpaghara protein na-egosi. Ikike ha iji mepụta microdoman microdoman, dị ka lipid rafts, na-emetụta nzukọ dị iche iche nke ụlọ na mmekọrịta ha, na-emetụta ụfọdụ nhazi na arụmọrụ.
Mgbasa Mgbanwe:
Phospholipids na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị isi na-etiti na transbice nke extraallar na nzaghachi intracellular. Phosphoinositodes na-eje ozi dị ka ihe irighiri akwara, na-agbanwe ihe omume nke protein mmetụta dị iche iche, na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ozi nke abụọ, na-emetụta ịgbalite mgbali na ngosipụta nke usoro.
Mgbanwe ụda nke sel:
Phospholipids na-esonye iwu nke usoro dị iche iche dị iche iche, njikwa na-achịkwa usoro dịka mkpụrụ ndụ, dị iche iche, na nzaghachi na-adịgide adịgide. Mbelata ha na ọgbọ nke igwe na-egbu egbu lio nke ọma, gụnyere eicosanoids na squanilipids, na-egosipụta mmetụta ha na mkparị na netwọkụ Apoptotic.
Nkwukọrịta Infrcellular:
Phospholipids sonyere na nkwukọrịta mgbanwe site na mwepụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ na leukotrines, nke na-edozi ihe omume nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị agbata obi, nghọta, na ọrụ vaskụla.
Onyinye bara uru nke phospholipids na akara sel sel na nkwukọrịta ha na-eme ka ha dị iche iche n'ịnọgide cellulasis na ịhazi nzaghachi physiological.
B. Nduzi na-esote maka nyocha na phospholipids na sọks cell
Ka ọrụ dị mma nke phospholipids na akara sel sel na-aga n'ihu, ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche maka nyocha n'ọdịnihu, gụnyere:
Na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu:
Nchịkọta nke nyocha dị elu, dị ka lipidomics, na molecular na cellology na cellular ga-eme ka anyị ghọta nghọta anyị nke spatual na nwa oge usoro phospholipids na usoro. Inyocha ihe dị n'etiti Lipid metabolism, ndị na-ere igwe mempan, na ntinye ekwentị ga-ekpughere usoro nchịkwa akwụkwọ na usoro ọgwụgwọ.
Esemokwu bayoloji dị iche iche:
Looving na-eme usoro ọmụmụ ihe na-abịa, gụnyere usoro ọmụmụ mgbakọ na netwọkụ, ga-enyere nkọcha nke mmetụta ụwa nke phospholipids na netwọkụ ekwentị. Igosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti phospholipids, enzymes, na ndị na-ahụ maka akara ga-eligumpy akụrụngwa na usoro nzaghachi usoro iwu na-achịkwa usoro iwu.
Ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ:
Nyochaa Dyspholition nke phospholipids na ọrịa, dịka ọrịa kansa, ọrịa akwara, ọrịa metabolic, na-enye ohere ịzụlite ọgwụgwọ ndị ezubere iche. Ghọta ọrụ nke phospholipids na ọrịa na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-achọpụta usoro nchịkọta akwụkwọ iji megharịa ọrụ ha na-eme nkwalite maka ọgwụ ọgwụ.
Na mmechi, ihe omuma nke phospholipids na itinye aka ha na ntinye aka na nkwukọrịta okwu na-egosi ihu na nsonaazụ nyocha dị iche iche nke nyocha nyocha dị iche iche.
Ntuziaka:
BALA, T. (2013). Phosphounositedede: obere lipids nwere nnukwu mmetụta na iwu sel. Nyocha physiological, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
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Kooijman, ee, & ịnwale, C. (2010). Phosphatidic acid: Onye ọkpụkpọ isi na-apụta na ọkwa sel. Na-ewu ewu na osisi Science, 15 (6), 213-220.
Hilgemann, bew, & bọọlụ, R. (1996). Usoro nke Cardiac na (+), H (+) - mgbanwe na k (ATP) potassium ọwa site na Pip2. Sayensị, 273 (5277), 956-959.
Kakson, M., & Roux, A. (2018). Usoro nke mkpọgide na-asọmpi. Nature na-enyocha moloji bayoloji, 19 (5), 313-326.
BALA, T. (2013). Phosphounositedede: obere lipids nwere nnukwu mmetụta na iwu sel. Nyocha physiological, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Albers, B., Lewis, onye Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2014). Mologylọ Akwụkwọ Nsọ nke sel (6th ed.). Garland Science.
Saịtị, K., & Vaz, WL (2004). Sistem Model, ogwe osisi lipid, na membranes. Nyocha kwa afọ nke biphyssics na ihe ọmụmụ nke biomoliecular, 33, 269-295.
Oge post: Dec-29-2023
